Tanween al-DHammah
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(a) Tanween al-DHammah at the end of the indefinite noun means that this noun is مَرْفُوع ‘in the nominative case’.
(b) In (1) and (4), the indefinite nouns are خَبَر.
(c) In (3) and (6), the indefinite nouns are مُبْتَدَأ. Note that when the مُبْتَدَأ is indefinite نَكِرَة, it occurs after the خَبَر.
(d) In (2) and (5), the indefinite nouns are فَاعِل.
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(1) هَذَا مِفْتَاحٌ. This is a key
(2) خَرَجَتْ بِنْتٌ مِنَ الغُرْفَةِ. A girl came out of the room
(3) فِي المَدِيْنَةِ مَلْعَبٌ. There is a stadium in the city
(4) السَّيَّارَةُ جَدِيْدَةٌ. The car is new
(5) نَبَحَ كَلْبٌ. A dog barked
(6) أَمَامَ البَيْتُ دُكَّانٌ. There’s a shop in front of the house
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Tanween al-fatHah
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(a) Tanween al-fatHah at the end of the indefinite noun means that this noun is مَنْصُوب ‘in the accusative case’.
(b) Since they represent the receiver of the action, each noun in these examples is مَفْعُول. Note that there are other positions in which the noun is مَنْصُوب. This will be explained in future lessons.
(c) جَدِيْدةً and جَدِيْدًا in (3) and (5) are adjectives, and they follow the preceding noun in gender and tanween (i.e. case).
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(1) وَجَدْتُ مُفْتَاحًا فِي الشَّارِع. I found a key in the street
(2) رَأَيْتُ بِنْتًا فِي الحَدِيْقَة. I saw a girl in the garden
(3) اِشْتَرَى أَبِي سَيَّارَةً جَدِيْدَةً. My father bought a new car
(4) قَتَلَ الصَّيَّاد أَسَدًا. The hunter killed a lion
(5) فَتَحَ التَّاجِر دُكَانًا جَدِيْدًا. The businessman opened a new shop.
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Tanween al-kasrah
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(a) Tanween al-kasrah at the end of the indefinite noun means that this noun is مَجْرُور ‘in the genitive case’.
(b) Since preceded by a preposition, every noun in these examples is مَجْرُور.
(c) in (3), جَدِيْدٍ follow the noun in gender and tanween (i.e. case).
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(1) يَأكُلُ الطِّفْل بِـمِلْعَقَةٍ. The child eats with a spoon
(2) أَسْكُنُ فِي بَيْتٍ صَغِيْرٍ. I live in a small house
(3) كَتَبْتُ بَـقَلَمٍ جَدِيْدٍ. I wrote with a new pen
(4) يَبْحَتُ الطَّالِبُ عَنْ عَمَلٍ. The student is looking for a job
(5) نَامَ المُسَافِر تَحْتَ شَجِرَةٍ. The traveler slept under a tree.
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